Looking Back and Forward

Comfortable life In my younger years I had some pretty distorted views about the world around me thanks to my parents, mostly my mother, but as I have grown up and am now an adult those views have changed immensely and made me a better person. My name is Justine Fir and I grew up in a decent sized town called Fullerton, California. Let me backtrack a second. I was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised by my adopted parents in Southern California from age 3 months until 18 years old. Fullerton was your standard definition of a town for people who were of the upper middle class to the lower upper class income classifications.This paper is being written with the intent to describe to you how my upbringing at a very early age, my own secretly kept views, and later events in my adolescence has shaped me into who I am today. I am from a neighborhood of folks who are well off financially with decent sized houses and nice cars. My parents, Marinate and Robert Fir, were very well off. He was a Ca rdiovascular Surgeon, and she Just left a high end nursing Job to raise me and my younger sister Mary. Being the oldest of the two, although not by much, I got spoiled more and learned early on how to get what I wanted by keeping my mouth shut and staying on mom's good side.My dad was one of the sweetest, most level headed guys one would want to know unless mom was around and then it was like a complete transformation into someone unpleasant within minutes. My mom pretty was on the same level as the Rockefeller. Everything with her, from A-Z, had to be the very top of the line, brand labeled stuff. I pretty much grew up with a golden spoon in my mouth. Now one would think that this was the high life and a dream come true but let me tell you it was not all it was cracked up to be.I found out very early on that my mom's way of showing love was through the all time American symbol we all cherish and aspect called the Dollar. â€Å"Here is a hundred dollars now get out of my face and I will give you $300 for every A on your report card and $250 for every B as long as you keep up good grades and do not tarnish our reputation, she would say. † Then when I got the A I was told â€Å"What, you couldn't get an A+? † Don't get me wrong, I loved my mom, but she was the most hateful, snobbish person that people hated crossing paths with.If their friends or mine were not Caucasian, then they were bad people and she would make snide comments about them. So you can imagine how it sat with ere that my Dad's partner, and owner of the medical practice, was from Honk Kong and wealthier than we were. Her intolerance did not stop at race alone but branched out to people of different lifestyles or religions like the Gays or Muslims. The comments she would make like â€Å"All gays should be put on an Island and blown up† really made me uncomfortable in general especially since she did not care who heard her or where we were.This upbringing had me in a whirlwind. I was being taught that every person who was not white,catholic, and straight was an outcast but all the while struggling in my mind to fight this knowing that at age 9 1 was only interested romantically in guys. Needless to say this was something that I could not divulge to anyone until I was out of the house. My dad was nothing like this unless my mother was within ear shot. At first glance anyone would think this was a complete nightmare and all around bad situation but I will explain later why this was actually a blessing in disguise and made me who I am today.Erie Frontbencher alludes to the important people in our lives as being a part of our micro-system and I fully agree (Witt & Mossier, 2010). I bet you are wondering why I made that last comment about making me who I am today and also curious as to who among the most important people in my life back then was the top one. Surprise, the top one was my mom Marinate. It was through the way she treated people and looked at the world that I said to myself † There is no way, under any circumstances, that I will grow up being that snobby and that judgmental. I was determined to treat others equally and as I would want to be I can help people and make a difference. My dad was an amazing man. It was through watching him that I learned how to tolerate her. The simple answer to that was to ignore her or occasionally nod in agreement even though I was opposed to hat she had Just said or did. He also taught me that money was not everything and that treating people differently based on the size of their pocket books was wrong. I really looked up to him and valued his input more than he probably will ever know.My neighbors truly helped me through this tough time as they were all real people just being who they were naturally, not caring 100% what others thought or my mom. I was able to vent to them and relax my guard to them although still not on the fact that I was gay. Without them in my life I probably woul d have exploded. So you robbery saw in my outline that I listed the man at the ice rink as being an important influence in my life. I was between the ages of nine and twelve when my mom decided I should take up ice skating. She had always waived hi to this nice guy who drove the machine to clear and clean the ice.One day I decided to wave back. She fiercely started back at me and said † I do not want that AIDS infested fagged coming over here. † This both hurt and shocked me. When she was not around I would talk with him about his life and how he was doing. He confided in me about how he was in fact gay and had AIDS. He also told me how much Marinate dated him for that and could not understand why she did the phony waves and smiles. I looked up to him for having the courage to be himself and to not let the words or actions of others influence him.I was probably 15 when I last visited my grandma, Rose, in San Francisco with a friend of mine. We were there with my dad who was visiting his father in the hospital dying. Rose and I were discussing random things when out of the blue she said â€Å"Love is love and rare to find. † I was completely stunned and speechless at this comment. Not only had she then known he was more then a friend but was okay with t. It was at that moment that I knew once I made the decision to finally come out to my parents that I would never hide who I was meant to be. That people are people just trying to live the best life they can while on this earth.I read an article that goes along with what I have been writing about and it states that the foundation of who we are today is influenced by the people who have input of any kind in our life, I. E. Parents, caregivers, siblings, relatives, teachers, churches, sports teams, clubs, friends, employers, employees, work mates, and so on. How we choose to interpret hose experiences is unique to us (Essence Holistic, 2012). So as I kind of alluded to in the above paragraphs, I am determined one day to be in a position where I can help people from all walks of like and let them know someone cares and is looking out for their best interests.That is why I am choosing to go into the social science major and then further that with a counseling degree. My goal is to hold groups and help people with HIVE/AIDS which is something I have since I was around 10 years old I have been dreaming of my prince charming sweeping me off my feet and growing old together while having many adventures ND building a life together. A lot of people are Jaded on this idea but I think this fairy tale romance can and does exist. It is Just rare to find.Although I too am leery at this happening in this stage of my, I still hold onto that hope. I feel getting a stable career will further pave the way for this happening. In the end I Just want what most of us want and that is a stable place to lay our heads with a companion at our sides to share the good and bad times and Just be comfort able without too many stresses and worries. Looking back, due to my upbringing, I would never have dreamed that I'd be an openly, proud gay man with friends of all ages and from all walks of life whom I value equally.It was because of those times and the struggles once I left home over the last 15 plus years that has landed me here today realizing that a people oriented career is what I desire. I am looking forward to utilizing this knowledge and becoming an even better person driven to help others open their eyes. As mentioned above, I was exposed to many distorted views about society and the world around me due to the way my mother was. This was then of course furthered by my own realization of who I was. Although our support groups may throw off active vibes and may be self centered, it does not have to be a bad thing nor predetermine our own destiny.

Gay Marriage argument Essay

The issue of legalizing gay marriage has always been a matter of great controversy in the United States. Many people believe that legalizing gay marriage is immoral and unconstitutional. â€Å"Untraditional,† â€Å"unlawful,† and â€Å"unethical† are some of the many terms used to describe gay marriage. Not all individuals feel this way. The issue has created widespread division both politically and socially. Advocates strongly believe that gay marriage is a constitutional right, while the opposition claims it has too many social disadvantages. In present day society the number of peoples in support of gay marriage is higher than ever. One of the many advocates for pro gay marriage is Evan Wolfson, the founder and president of Freedom to Marry. Wolfson presents numerous arguments for the legalization of gay marriage in his article â€Å"Without Nationwide Gay Marriage, U.S. Government Discriminates.† Using emotional, logical, and legal appeal, Wolfson presents his argument. Same-sex couples should be able to celebrate their relationships through the bondage of marriage just like heterosexual couples. Many same-sex couples want to marry and they should be able to since it is there human right. Evan Wolfson explains it flawlessly when he proclaimed â€Å"Marriage is an important moment in life when we make a public promise of love and dedication to the person we are building a life with, and ask our friends and family to support us and hold us accountable. Couples who have made that commitment in life should have the same commitment under the law; called marriage.† It is unjust to rid taxpayer citizens of this right. It is societies norm that marriage should be between a man and woman, but it is not written anywhere within the constitution. It is a saddening injustice to discriminate citizens due to their sexual orientation. This is appropriately presented when Wolfson writes â€Å"Under the law, marriage touches every aspect of life, from birth to death, with taxes in between. Denial of the freedom to marry is one of the harshest inequalities inflicted on lesbian and gay families—discrimination by their own government†¦particularly in these tough economic times.† The benefits of marriage should be extended to all individual during the present economic situation. According to Wolfson, Withholding from these benefits by preventing same sex marriage is a prime example of discrimination. There is no logical to reason to prevent gay marriage since it has been proven successful. â€Å"Gay couples share in the freedom to marry in six states and the District of Columbia; the sky hasn’t fallen.† Gay marriage has been proven successful in other parts of the world along with some of the United States. Same sex marriage is gaining more and more acceptance, yet it is discriminated against state and federal governments. The Federal government targets homosexual couples through the enactment of DOMA (Defense of Marriage Act). Wolfstan claims â€Å"DOMA harms married same-sex couples by withholding the more than one thousand federal responsibilities and protections accorded all other married couples.† Benefits such as social security survivor and health coverage are withheld from â€Å"married† couples. The constitution commands â€Å"equal justice for all† and Wolfson believes its time to abide by our nation’s written law. Although Evan Wolfson presents valid points, there are many holes in his argument. The author disregards many aspects while portraying his own ideas. To begin with, why is it necessary to define a relationship with the title of â€Å"Marriage?† If two people of the same sex want to be in a relationship, why not just be together? The author claims that â€Å"Gay couples share in the freedom to marry in six states and the District of Columbia; the sky hasn’t fallen.† In the literal sense this statement is true, but what about the rise in divorce rates in the six states and District of Columbia? The sky hasn’t fallen, but there may be negative consequences to the legalization of gay marriage. Wolfston also charges the state and federal governments with discrimination against gays. It is the government’s job to please the majority, and if anti-gay legislation will do that, so be it. If same sex couples are offended with state policies, why can’t they move to a different state or country? Wolfson mentions many appropriate points, but why doesn’t he mention any outside sources? Providing no information from experts in the fields or resources challenges the credibility of his argument. Marriage is traditionally defined as a union between a man and a woman, not a woman and a woman, or man and a man. The legalization of gay marriage would cause social and economic perils that can’t be overlooked. In his article †Opinion: Gay marriage should not be made legal,† Ryan Normandin presents numerous legitimate reasons as to why gay marriage shouldn’t be legalized. Many gay rights advocates believe that they have the right to marry whomever they want under the equal rights protection clause, but that is certainly not the case. As Normandin explains in his article, â€Å"They claim that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees them the right to marry whomever they desire, including members of the same sex. To forbid this would, in their minds, be discrimination. But do all people have the right to marry whomever they want already, with the exception of same-sex couples? No; states have laws regulating marriage, forbidding first cousins from marrying, brothers and sisters from marrying, parents and offspring from marrying, and people from marrying animals, inanimate objects, or multiple other individuals.† The legalization of gay marriage would open legal doors to other forms of relationships such as polygamous, incestuous, and other nontraditional relationships. By the logic of gay marriage, everyone has an equal right to marry whomever or whatever he or she pleases. It is only fitting that state and federal governments regulate marriage, he claims. Traditional marriage is beneficial to the American government, which makes it appropriate for couples to receive tax breaks and numerous benefits. Ryan Normnadin explains it best when he literates â€Å"The rationale is that males and females, when married, are more likely to procreate, thus ensuring the continuation of American society. It is certainly to America’s advantage to have citizens, so there exists a compelling state interest justifying government subsidization of heterosexual marriage.† Since traditional marriage is helping the United States procreate, it is in the government’s best interest to subsidize marriage that is increasing its number of citizens. Many individuals in favor of gay rights believe that happiness of same-sex couples is enough a reason for its legalization. Unfortunately, that is not the case since â€Å"happiness† is not a compelling enough argument when weighed against the drawbacks of gay marriage. One of the major drawbacks is that same sex couple can not nurture a child properly. The well being of a child cannot be jeopardized for â€Å"happiness.† Although gay couples can’t reproduce, artificial insemination and adoption are some options. Although, these arguments do not prove a viable option because complications can arise. Normandin refers to University of Canterbury professor Bruce J. Ellis to prove this point. Professor Ellis’s research claims â€Å"greater exposure to father absence was strongly associated with elevated risk for early sexual activity and adolescent pregnancy.† These are risks that can’t be taken lightly just to make lesbian couples â€Å"happy.† There are also risks involved in parenting in regards male couples. The author also refers to Stanford psychologist Eleanor MacCoby who points out that â€Å"mothers, on average, may have somewhat stronger parental ‘instincts’ when it comes to responding to young infants.† It is of utter importance for a child to grow up with both a mother and father. According to Normandin’s beliefs, â€Å"Happiness† is not enough reason to harm the future of countless children. Ryan Normandin presents a compelling argument, but there are flaws in many of his ideas. For example, the author compares gay marriage to incest and bestiality. Is it really fair to compare gay marriage to such formidable acts against nature? Bestiality and incest have far more negative effects then gay marriage, so it is not fair to compare them. They inability of gay couples to reproduce is another point Normandin brings about. Although this statement is valid, isn’t artificial insemination a tool that can help lesbian couples procreate? What about the thousands of neglected children male couples can save? Lastly, the author quotes various professionals to point out that children of same sex couples will have complications due to an absent father or mother. Studies show that this maybe true, but what about family members that can fill that absent role present in same-sex couples? Can’t the grandmother or aunt provide maternal care to a child of a male couple? Why can’t a grandfather or uncle act as a fatherly figure for a lesbian couple’s child? Normandin provided a very compelling argument, but there are minor doubts to his ideas. After analyzing both sides of the issue along with my prior experiences and knowledge, gay marriage should not be legalized. Both articles made valid points, but Ryan Normandin’s opinionative piece â€Å"Opinion: Gay marriage should not be made legal† changed my perception on this issue entirely. Viewing marriage as a governmental issue, not a personal one, made me realize that marriage isn’t only about happiness. Marriage between a man and a woman is beneficial to the government, therefore it is allowed. Since same-sex marriage doesn’t pose benefits, such as procreation, to the United Sates or its citizens, it is either prohibited or highly restricted. Reproduction is required for the survival of any society and legalizing gay marriage would deem procreating unimportant. Gay marriage also causes dire consequences for the couple’s kids. I have witnessed my co-worker’s only kid, Marshall, with an absentee father figure. Due to a missing father, Marshall took part with the wrong crowd and disregarded all authority. I have also witnessed the psychological problems with kids who are missing a mother. My cousin, who has two mothers, is socially awkward and lacks basic conversation skills. To ensure the full health of a child, they need both a mother and a father figure to provide motherly and fatherly instincts. Same sex households are not ideal environments for children. Another good point that Normandin posed was that the legalization of gay marriage would open doors to other kind of relationships such as polygamy. This would undoubtedly lead to further deconstruction of marriage and family. I also believe same sex marriage to have detrimental effects on society. A news report I read claimed that legalizing gay marriage in Scandinavia is linked to the cause of population decline and higher divorce rates. Numerous researches state that homosexual relationships don’t last long term. The fact that Wolfson did not provide any outside sources was another factor that shaped my opinion. I believe that outside sources make an argument much more credible. Challenging cultural, moral, social values, the disadvantages of gay marriage greatly outweigh the advantages. Works Cited Normandin, Ryan. â€Å"Gay Marriage Should Not Be Made Legal – The Tech.† Gay Marriage Should Not Be Made Legal – The Tech. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 06 July 2011. Web. 08 Sept. 2013. . Wolfson, Evan. â€Å"Without Nationwide Gay Marriage, U.S. Government Discriminates.† US News. U.S.News & World Report, 7 Oct. 2011. Web. 08 Sept. 2013. .

Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale

Yemi Salami Mrs. R. Patterson English 5 AP 22 October, 2012 Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is one troubled (and multi-faceted) man. A brilliant speaker, a kind man, a wise reverend – everyone loves this guy. He’s pretty much a rock star in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (and that doesn’t seem like such an easy feat in Puritan society). With his education and religious standing it allows him to have a larger sense of humility and understanding. So with Dimmesdale also being Hester’s illicit lover and the father of her child, Pearl. He remains silent about his sin, even while he publicly urges Hester to reveal the name of her lover.The narrator indicates that Dimmesdale is one of those individuals who secretly practices self-flagellation (basically, beating himself) to punish himself for his sin. This suggests that he is susceptible to shame, but secretive about it; he prefers to punish himself rather than to be punished by others. It also leaves open the question that emerges later: did Dimmesdale create the mark on his chest himself, or was it put there by the Black Man (Satan), or did it emerge on his skin because of the struggle occurring in his soul?Dimmesdale is a hypocrite through much of the book. He remains the respected and saintly minister on the outside, but his conscience eats away at him until he can hardly stand himself. He wants people to see him for who he really is. Though he tries to confess his sins to the congregation, they do not take him seriously, because he is never specific about the sins he has committed. For seven years, Dimmesdale is silent, and his health declines as a result. Today, we would maybe say he’s depressed, and that his depression is so bad that it becomes fatal.In Christian theology, sin leads to death unless an individual accepts God’s free gift of forgiveness (this is the concept of grace). In Dimmesdale’s case, unconfessed sin literally drives him to his demise For a few momen ts, really just two days, we see Dimmesdale turn away from his former commitment to Christian ideas and morality. His decision to run away with Hester leaves him open to all sorts of suggestions from the Black Man. Ultimately, however, Dimmesdale’s better self reasserts itself. Although he has taken seven years to reach the point here he recognizes he is destroying himself with his guilt, the moment did finally arrive. The Reverend Dimmesdale represents a weak man who has sinned but failed to accept public condemnation for his sin. His subsequent hypocrisy, however, eats away at him until his health fails. Recognizing that death is imminent, he chooses to purify his soul at the last minute by confessing his sin publicly and revealing the scarlet letter A that has appeared on his chest over his heart. The symbol on his skin, suggests that, though we may hide our sins as best as we can, mostly they will always surface and be revealed.

Feminization of poverty. my title is tumbling in the dark or endless Essay

Feminization of poverty. my title is tumbling in the dark or endless pain - Essay Example This is nothing but feminization of poverty. This also requires us to analyze this fact under different circumstances. In a famous novel â€Å"The mairaculous of Amalia Gomez†, John Rechy describes the case study of feminization of women in a splendid and heart touching manner after getting inspired from a real incident of a Mexico-American woman (Rechy, 1991). Hence, an attempt has been made to study the feminization of poverty and to analyze the extent to which feminization of poverty is experienced by Amalia Gomez with the following thesis statements. 1. What is the definition of the "feminization of poverty" and how does it apply to Amalia Gomez'a life? 2. How does the "feminization of Poverty" lead the psychological mechanism of denial in Amalia? How do we see strong pull toward denial in her life? 3) How do we see a subconscious desire in Amalia to move from denial to "truth"? 4) What is Amalia"s epiphany? What does this epiphany say about her? Let us analyze one by one as follows: 1. What is the definition of the "feminization of poverty" and how does it apply to Amalia Gomez'a life? The feminization of poverty may be defined as the condition in which women experience higher level of poverty compared to that of men in several fields of our society (Fukuda-Parr, 1999). It is nothing but a state of being women that makes them poorer or susceptible to poverty compared to men in the same society. In other words, the feminization of poverty reflects a phenomenon in which women are represented disproportionately in terms of their percentage of total world poverty. For example, it was reported that the number of women at the age of 60 years in United States of America who are subjected to poverty was found to be significantly higher than the number of men at the same age. Even if in a developed nation like USA, if this position exists, it only confirms the fact that the female gender is proportionate with the extent of poverty which is other wise known a s feminization of poverty. The feminization of poverty is mainly caused by some factors like their social status, lower literacy rate and lower rate of employment. In several regions, women are subjected to ill treatment in various spheres of life. Their decision making at domestic and society level has been quite unsatisfactory resulting in their poverty. In several developing nations, the good proportion of women are restricted to domestic works and child care and they have little or no chance to earn their livelihood (Chant, 2006). Even in terms of wages, lot of disparity exists between the men and women reflecting the feminization of poverty. In a country like Cyprus, as high as 24 % gender pay gap was noticed reflecting a pathetic situation. Taking these constraints of women in consideration, some sections of people in the society started exploiting them which in turn led to feminization of poverty. The life of Amalia Gomez according to â€Å"The mairaculous of Amalia Gomezâ⠂¬ , by John Rechy depicts the same. Hence, the feminization of poverty can be well applied to the life of Amalia Gomez. Amalia Gomez is a Mexico-American lady who had tasted bitter experience of life due to poverty and exploitation of her by different people at different times. Several people including her ex-husbands tried to take the advantage of her weak financial position and she was compelled to listen to them due to her poverty and after

Forces behind technology and innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Forces behind technology and innovation - Essay Example Forces behind technological innovations in the 20th Century Technological innovations in the twentieth Century range from mechanized farming, industrial developments and product enhancements. There are various explanations for these changes depending on the areas one is focusing on. For instance, in the early twentieth Century, mechanized farming was adopted because several countries had acquired vast amounts of land and their territories had expanded. This meant that the ratio of farmers to land was quite low, there was a need to look for more feasible methods of farming hence the rise in mechanized farming. (Berkeley, 2007) Industrial developments were triggered by social trends among many other reasons. First of all, consumers in the western world became quite busy. They were also increasingly affluent and there was more demand for industrially manufactured goods. These consumers required goods on time and they needed to access them conveniently. Consequently, manufacturers had to look for methods that could accommodate these pressures. There was more specialization and commodities were now created in a larger scale. All these changes necessitated the employment of technology and innovation Possible triggers in the future As the world’s consumption rates are increasing day by day, there is increasing concern about sustainability. Many experts agree that current consumption trends may not leave enough resources for future generations. This is especially in relation to exhaustible resources such as fuel, food, water and wood products. As a result, it is likely that most technological innovations in the future will concentrate on sustainability.

Diane Arbus, Photography of the Everyday or Pictures for the Freak Literature review

Diane Arbus, Photography of the Everyday or Pictures for the Freak Show - Literature review Example What is far more difficult to grasp from the work included in "The Dawn f Photography" is that the very frankness f photography can also inspire a whole other kind f artistic posturing. For if directness is photography's glory, it is also liable to be manipulated, used as a sort f all-purpose rhetorical device, until frankness itself becomes a form f obfuscation or artiness--which is a fair description, I think, f the work f Diane Arbus. Arbus, who committed suicide in 1971 at the age f forty-eight, is widely admired as a truth-teller, and if the initial reactions to the new book, Diane Arbus: Revelations, are any indication, the woman and her work are exerting as strong an attraction today as they did at the time f the posthumous retrospective at the Museum f Modern Art in 1972. Arbus's warts-and-all photographs, which are at once exposes and benedictions, create just the right kind f psychological havoc for a public that is all too willing to believe that any image that disturbs your equanimity is emotionally authentic, and that the greatest works fart are the ones that leave you wondering if you are yourself emotionally authentic. The public all too easily confuses hyperbole with honesty, and Arbus, who is intent on telling us how awful everything is, is a master f the highfalutin creep-out. In a series f photographs folder women on the streets f New York, Arbus seems to suggest that these ladies, who quite clearly take considerable pride in looking their best, are in fact ghouls; she gives such a sharp-eyed attention to their elaborately made-up faces and carefully arranged clothes that they begin to resemble the transvestites in whom Arbus also took an interest. The very eagerness with which Arbus's ladies out for an afternoon pose for the camera becomes a measure f their self-delusion. What's missing is the delicacy that Brassai (whose work Arbus admired) brought to his famous photograph f an old whore, swathed in cheap jewelry, seated in a caf. Brass reminds us that, for all her haggard theatricality, this wreck f a woman is still the proud possessor f a pair f beautiful, velvety eyes. Arbus uses the fixity f the image to deny people their freedom--and in so doing she also denies them their self-esteem. She undermines the young as well as the old, the pretty as well as the ugly. Often photographed front and center, in a dull symmetry, even her most sexually intriguing subjects seem wilted, marooned. Nobody ever looks their best, which is meant as some sort f revelation.

Ford and Toyota Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ford and Toyota - Case Study Example B. Toyota management recognizes that employees must sense that effort will pay off in terms of performance, that it is highly correlated with performance and that higher effort will yield better performance. Toyota management changed job design and introduced new reward system for its production department (Toyota 2007). The stronger the perceived correlation, the stronger the motivation (Armstrong 2001). If the employee has adequate ability and the job is designed well, then performance is solely dependent on the level of motivation. In order to improve performance, Assuming ability and job design were in order, high motivation became a necessary and sufficient condition for high performance. Armstrong (2001) underlines that if employees know their ability is high and the design of their job is "top notch," then high performance is perceived as indeed possible and perceived to depend on their efforts. The aim of this change was to create an environment where employees perceive that they have and can easily acquire knowledge and new skills to perform. C. The strategies implemented by the management helped Toyota to reduce resistance to change and create skillful workforce able to cope with the new changes and deliver quality articles. It helped employees build their self-confidence and showed employees that their skills, abilities, and traits were compatible with job requirements. In order for employees to exert high effort, they saw a good reason for it and knew that there were benefits to it. The new policies allowed employees to sense that performance pays off and yielded a desired positive outcome (Toyota 2007) Ford A. Similar to Toyota, Ford is subjected to new environmental regulations and new standards. Ford also introduced hydrogen-powered car but the main problems faced by the company were skills shortage and lack of knowledge in this sphere. Ford management expected that much ability and skill improvement would come from self-initiated activities. Employees did not have to wait for formal training programs to be offered by the company (Ford 2007). According to Campbell (1997) if formal training is not offered, employees must be given ample time to engage in self-development activities. Employees who get into routines of continually engaging in activities designed to improve ability are more likely to sense that they are keeping pace with the ever-increasing demands made of workers in today's constantly changing technological and economic environments. They are likely to have more confidence that they are keeping current in their knowledge and skills. B. In order to solve this problem, Ford introduced on-job training programs for engineers and production workers. When workers were not engaged in actual production, they practiced their skills with simulations if such opportunities were made available. Good simulations were developed for almost any type of job, factory labor, office, managerial, and so forth. These strategies are important because well-designed practice which provides workers with rapid, accurate feedback on how they are doing and on what they need to do to correct deficiencies can lead to high levels of proficiency as exercises are repeated over and over again (Campbell 1997). Apprenticeships and understudy training programs allowed workers to observe the performance of an expert and "try out" the

International Search for Distribution Partner Essay

International Search for Distribution Partner - Essay Example As of November 2005 they have 766 stores in the U.S. and 166 in Canada (43 of those Best Buy). On September 22, 2003 they opened their first Global Sourcing Office in Shanghai, China in order to increase their efficiency and improve communication with suppliers. The company, in developing the Asian Market, appointed their Vice-chairman Al Lenzmeier to head up the project. Since 2003 they expanded to include two additional distribution centers in Beijing and Shenzhen. The company recognizes the market potential in China and this spring will open lab stores to rapidly test the Chinese retail market. Store locations will be selected based on area market and competition. They have not yet determined the number of stores to be opened as they employ a "greenfielding strategy, grow by opening stores" ("Our history" 2006). This could be an excellent opportunity for us. The CarreFour Group, established in 1959, is the largest retailer in Europe, the second largest worldwide and the industry leader in nine countries. Their four main store configurations are: 'hypermart', supermarkets, hard discount and convenience stores. They operate a total of 10,378 stores in 29 countries. Their retail sales last year were 88,178 billion euros before tax.

FDIC takes the Banks back Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FDIC takes the Banks back - Research Paper Example The following brief discussion will focus on the FDIC and its second mission, to reduce the economic disruptions caused by bank failures. Specifically, the role of the FDIC in the recent spate of bank closures will be examined. In conclusion the FDICs intervention in the bank failures will be critically analyzed to determine its impacts, or lack thereof, on the American economy during the recent economic crisis popularly known as the Great Recession. Written in the 1980s the FDIC official history described American banks as â€Å"more closely regulated than in any other nation.† (â€Å"The First Fifty Years†) In the quarter century since that volume was written the situation changed significantly. American banks underwent a comprehensive process of deregulation that climaxed during the former Republican administration. In 2007 Philip E Strahan summarized the effects of more than a decade of deregulation: â€Å"Interest rate ceilings on deposits were phased out in the early 1980s; state usury laws have been weakened because banks may now lend anywhere; and limits to banks’ ability to engage in other financial activities have been almost completely eliminated, as have restrictions on the geographical scope of banking.† He also praised the positive impacts of deregulation. It â€Å"allowed banks to offer better services to their customers at lower prices. As a result, the real economy—Main Street as it were—seems to have benefited† and â€Å"Overall economic growth accelerated following deregulation.† (Strahan, 2007) Strahan was a firm proponent of the stimulative effect of banking deregulation. He also saw its benefits being distributed throughout society and including, notably, Main Street. When Strahans remarks were published in the influential, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Reviews July/August issue in 2007.

The Black Panther Party Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Black Panther Party - Research Paper Example They were the victims of constant harassment and violence orchestrated by white mobs such as the Ku Klux Klan and the government, especially the police, who arrested them arbitrarily without any justifiable reason to do so (Claver 29). It is for these reasons that these people found it necessary to come together and form an organization, which would be well equipped to protect them and to offer leadership necessary in improving their livelihoods. This paper is a critical evaluation of the Black Panther Party and its activities in the US from 1966 to 1982. The Black Panther Party The Black Panther Party was a political organization in the US, which existed between 1966 and 1982. It was established by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale as a movement to fight for the liberation of black people, who were going through racial discrimination and violence orchestrated by organizations, which advocated for white supremacy (Hilliard 18). The African American society at this time faced numerous chall enges such as police brutality, racism, poverty and lack of political representation among others and, therefore, it was necessary for them to unite under a common agenda in order to defend themselves and protect their interests. To achieve these objectives, the party adopted a socialistic ideology, which led to the foundation of school feeding programs for pupils, whereby, more than 15000 children were beneficiaries. The party also felt the need to establish health facilities to cater for the African American people who were usually neglected by the national government and the white society as a whole, which perceived them as second class citizens, who did not deserve any compassion or sympathy (Hilliard 22). As earlier stated, police brutality against the African Americans was a common phenomenon. This was one of the issues that the party wanted to solve and to that end, members of the party organized themselves into several armed groups, which were to engage in patrols aimed at n eutralizing inhumane police activities (Claver 44). The groups followed police officers whenever they were on patrol and if they dared arrest or harass a member of the community without a justifiable reason, then, the police were to be beaten and chased away from the vicinity. This led to occasional exchange of fire between the police and the vigilantes sometimes resulting to injuries and death. For example, in 1967, one of the founders of the party, Huey, was injured and hospitalized after a shooting incident involving the Oakland police and the party members. Later, while in hospital, he was accused of causing the death of a police officer during the incident. Similarly, the police officers ambushed several party members from the same department in 1968 for no apparent reason. The police just started firing at the persons’ vehicle, thereby, forcing people such as Eldridge Cleaver and Bobby Hutton, to take refuge in a basement of a nearby house. The police fired at them for a long time after which they threw teargas into the basement forcing Hutton to come out lifting his hands as a sign of surrender but the police sprayed him with bullets killing him instantly. This is proof of how government instruments disregarded human life with respect to the black society. In fact, it may be noted that the authorities, including the FBI, adopted numerous inhumane ways, such as assassination,

Medieval Christianity and Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medieval Christianity and Islam - Essay Example The kingdom split into three in the late 6th century. Great leaders like Charlemagne ruled over the kingdom before its collapse (Watson, 2003). The Frankish kingdom was a Christian dominated the western European region during the middle ages. The church played an important role in leadership and redesigning of the kingdom. Their major concept was to spread the Christianity across the kingdom and fight the insurgent of the Moore and other Islamic kingdom. Christianity was used as a toll to unite the kingdom (Moore, 2011). Christianity dictated upon the nature of leadership. Religion was also a tool in designing the initial laws. Leaders such as Charles where made strong through religion. The Scottish missionaries played an important role in shaping the Frankish kingdom as a fully-fledged Christian kingdom (Moore, 2011). Religious rulers characterized the Al-Andalus region. In this case, the main religion was Islam. The nature of ruling was driven by the Islamic culture brought about by the Tariq during the European conquest. Spain becomes a Muslim state after Ar- Rahman is inaugurated the ruler of Cordoba. Leadership was religious based (Watson, 2003). The ideologies being spread at the then reign was driven by the Arabic culture. The purpose was to spread Islam throughout the region with the focus being Spain. The reign lasted until 1490s AD when the last religious leader surrendered to the Romans and the Frankish. Religion laid the basis of the then laws and leadership (Watson, 2003). Both Christianity and Islam dominated Europe during the 6th century. The manner in which religion played part in matters administration differed. Religion was a pillar stone to each kingdom. The Franks were Christian dominated while Muslims dominated the Al-Andalus era. The nature of administration differed (Watson, 2003). In the Islamic region, the concept of conversion was note encouraged in that the tax differences made it

Advanced technology Essay Example for Free

Advanced technology Essay Now, in our society all over the world technology is the most important advancement, a necessity in bringing about progress as we move along in this computerized world. These changes in effect make man’s life easier and more convenient. Our advanced technology is unfortunately affecting the study habits of the students because there a lot of gadgets that they can use for searching information almost everybody depends on the internet, but there are still many importance of having a library. Many people think that they can find everything they need on the internet and that is not necessarily so. There is a lot of copy write material that is protected well beyond after the time the author is deceased. The internet can compliment the library and work hand and hand, but it cant replace it. Google hasnt even begun to digitized all the books that are available. Library is a place in which literary and artistic materials such as books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, prints, records, and tapes, are kept for reading, reference or lending. A collection of such materials especially when systematically arranged. The library is a bunch of books with a librarian to check them out to you and back in when you return them. It is important that the library is well organized. Library Borrowing/Returning System is a process of organizing important information, used to track borrowed items and the scheduled time for returning. This system helps users or people who are responsible in recording the data appropriately. It also saves time and more convenient to use than the traditional manual recording. Lack of library System in a school can lead to disorder and troubles, and because of it the librarian is having a problem to serve each students and faculties who wish to use the library It is extremely useful in the school to use computerized system. The librarian has to keep the building neat and in good repair and also these things only shows a few of the things which make up your library. Schools set the various learning changes to achieve the current level of education in other countries. Because of the growing numbers of computer users, this became an effective medium to demonstrate the knowledge and skills of the students. From the traditional searching process for the books in the libraries, the interactive usage of computers can be now addressed as part of the library system. Statement of the Problem Traditionally, library systems are implemented manually. Forms are given to Librarian and they fill them of using pens. Afterwards, the school administrators process them manually and complied on large bulky file cabinet. Indeed, the manual Library system is very costly, time consuming and tedious. The primary complaint of school administrators with this system is the tiresome task of searching through records just to verify your query data. The fast phased of technology helped a lot to the improvement of the library system. Technology enabled software developers to computerize the library system. The automated library system helped the schools greatly. Library, transactions and queries can be created in a single click.

Social Work Counselling in Social Work

Social Work Counselling in Social Work The Role and Applicability of Counselling in Social Work Practice Introduction and Overview Social work originated as a community help measure in the 19th century and has since then become an organised discipline that aims to support and empower those who suffer from social unfairness. Apart from helping the disadvantaged to live with dignity, social work aims at achieving social inclusion and has been found to be effective in correcting disparities and in helping individuals to overcome impediments that arise from different aspects of life; apart from those that require knowledge of the physical and medical sciences. Social work practice has, over the years, become integral to Britain’s working life and current estimates put the number of active social workers in the country at significantly more than one million. (Parrott, 2002) Whilst social workers can be called upon to assist all sections of the community, the majority of their assignments concern helping individuals in stressful situations and those experiencing difficulties with issues that relate to emotions, relationships, unemployment, work, disabilities, discrimination, substance abuse, finances, housing, domestic violence, poverty, and social exclusion. Such a range of applications has necessitated the development of (a) a variety of skills and techniques, (b) methods to transfer these skills to social workers, and (c) procedures for the delivery of social work in a variety of settings, which include schools and colleges, households, hospitals, prisons and secured homes, and training and community centres. (Parton, 1996) Social work practice focuses on dealing with the problems of service users. The maintenance and improvement of their social, physical, and mental states is often dependent upon the effectiveness of social work intervention. (Miller, 2005) Users of social work services are largely economically and/or socially disadvantaged, and the vulnerabilities, which arise from these circumstances, frequently contribute to the nature of their relationships with service providers. (Miller, 2005) Social work makes use of a broad range of knowledge and incorporates information obtained from several disciplines; it empowers social workers in practice to use their acquired knowledge and skills first to engage service users and then to bring about positive changes in undesirable emotional states and behavioural attitudes, or in positions of social disempowerment. (Miller, 2005) Counselling forms one of the main planks of social work practice and constitutes the chief mode through which social workers directly engage service users; it is considered to be the public face of the activity and is an integrative course of action between a service user, who is vulnerable and who needs support, and a counsellor who is trained and educated to give this help. Face to face and 121 interactions between social workers and service users take place mostly through counselling activities. Apart from the directly beneficial effect that occurs through counselling, much of the social work approach that needs to be adopted in specific cases for other interventionist activity is decided on the basis of feedback provided by counsellors. This assignment aims to study and analyse the importance of counselling in social work practice. Commentary and Analysis Social work practice, in the UK, has evolved along with the development of the profession, and with the progression of social policy, ever since the first social workers were trained at the London School of Economics, at the beginning of the 20th century. (Parton, 1996) Whilst social policy, formulated at the level of policy makers, defines the broad routes taken to alleviate social inequalities, the actual delivery of social work occurs through social work practice, an activity carried out by thousands of social workers all over the United Kingdom. (Harris, 2002) Social work makes use of a range of skills, methods, and actions that are aligned to its holistic concentration on individuals and their environments. (Harris, 2002) Social work interventions vary from person-focused psychosocial processes that are focused on individuals, to participation in social policy, planning and development. (Harris, 2002) These interventions include counselling, clinical social work, group work, soc ial academic work, and family treatment and psychotherapy, as well as efforts to assist people in accessing services and resources within the community. (Harris, 2002) Social workers, in their everyday activity, need to assume multiple roles that aim to balance empowerment and emancipation with protection and support. (Harris, 2002) Balancing this dilemma is often a difficult process; it depends upon the needs of service users and requires social workers to assume more than one role. (Harris, 2002) These roles, whilst being versatile and flexible, broadly consist of seven broad categories, namely those of planners, assessors, evaluators, supporters, advocates, managers, and counsellors. (Harris, 2002) Whilst social work practice is spread over these broad functions, this assignment aims to examine and analyse the significance and application of counselling in social work, especially with reference to (a) the complexities involved in its practice, (b) combating oppression and discrimination, and (c) from the viewpoint of service users. Counselling, whilst being a catch-all term, used for describing of various professions, is, an important component of social work practice. (Rowland, 1993) It is a developmental process in which one individual (the social work counsellor) provides to another individual or group (the client), guidance and encouragement, as well as challenge and inspiration, in creatively managing and resolving practical, personal and relationship issues, in achieving goals, and in self realisation. (Rowland, 1993) Whilst the relationship of social work with poverty and deprivation necessitates that most counselling activities relate to such issues, counselling has now become an active and interventionist method to achieve change in social situations and empower people to improve the quality of heir lives. (Rowland, 1993) The activity depends upon client-counsellor relationships and includes a range of theoretical approaches, skills and modes of practice. The British Association for Counselling defined the activity thus in 1991: â€Å"Counselling is the skilled and principled use of relationships to develop self knowledge, emotional acceptance and growth, and personal resources. The overall aim is to live more fully and satisfyingly. Counselling may be concerned with addressing and resolving specific problems, making decisions, coping with crisis, working through feelings or inner conflict or improving relationships with others. The counsellors role is to facilitate the clients work in ways that respect the clients values, personal resources and capacity for self determination.† (Rowland, 1993, p 18) Part of the confusion regarding the actual nature of counselling activity stems from the fact that the phenomenon is of recent origin and is becoming increasingly popular both as a widely sought service and as a professional career. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) Whilst social researchers have floated a number of theories to explain the growth in counselling in social work, most experts ascribe its increasing usage to the diminishing impact of religion, the breaking and scattering of family life, and the removal of previously existing family and community social structures. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) Priests have ceased to become confidantes and advisors; New modes of disempowerment have also led to the creation of a vast range of emotional and physical stresses with adverse effects on the psycho-emotional states of numerous people and their consequent need for counselling. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) Counselling has its origins, both in the past, and as an up-and-coming discipline, in various professions. It fills the intermediate gap between psychotherapy and amity, and thus becomes a particularly useful tool for intervening and touching upon the private, societal, professional, medical, and educational aspects of people. (Rowland, 1993) Whilst it grew organically, its effectiveness in diminishing distress led to its progressive assimilation in social work practice. Again the idea of the social worker as a person, who works with or counsels persons, has been a persistent concept in social work all through its emergence. (Pease Fook, 1999) Counselling has also been connected with some of the critical principles of social work, particularly with regard to recognising the innate value of the individual and respecting the human being. (Pease Fook, 1999) Counselling and casework also find favour with those who look at social work, in its entirety, as a process where different compo nents work synergistically with each other in helping and supporting individuals. (Pease Fook, 1999) Also inherent in the role of the social worker, as a counsellor, is the idea that change will be involved in the behaviour or outlook of the service user. It is in fact the diminution on the role of counselling role, which has been one of the major apprehensions regarding provision of social work through services. (Pease Fook, 1999) Counselling, in its basic form, involves the meeting of a counsellor and a service user in a private and confidential setting to investigate the emotional and mental difficulties, and distress, the service user may be having because of varying person-specific reasons. (Rowland, 1993) Counselling, as is evident from its increasing usage, has been found to be of great help in a variety of situations; in treating people with mental problems of varying severity; in helping those suffering from trauma, anxiety or depression; and in aiding people with emotional or decision making issues. (Rowland, 1993) Whilst it has been found to be applicable across different locales, for example, in schools and colleges, disturbed domestic settings, and in workplaces, it has also proved to be effective in helping people afflicted with serious illnesses like cancer and aids, victims of road and industrial accidents, and people in various stages of rehabilitation. (Coney Jenkins, 1993) Counsellors meet the requirements of people who experience traumatic or sudden interruptions to their life development and to their social roles. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) Prominent among these counselling functions are those in areas of marital breakdown, rape and bereavement. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) The work of the counsellors in such cases can be clearly seen to arise from social problems, namely from shifting social perceptions of marriage, reassessments of male and female roles, and new patterns of marriage and family life. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) Counselling provides a route to helping individuals to negotiate this changing social landscape. Counselling has also been found to be helpful in the area of addictions. Specific counselling approaches have been developed to assist people with problems related to substance abuse, gluttony and for giving up smoking. (Pease Fook, 1999) In some areas of counselling, which deal with addiction, for example, with users of hard drugs, counsellors engaged in social work practice, function side by side, with sets of legal restrictions and moral issues. (Pease Fook, 1999) The possession and use of cocaine, for example, is not just viewed to be morally incorrect but also a criminal activity. (Pease Fook, 1999) â€Å"The counsellor working with a heroin addict, therefore, is not merely exploring ‘ways of living more satisfyingly and resourcefully’ but is also mediating between competing social definitions of what an acceptable ‘way of living’ entails.† (Pease Fook, 1999, p72) Some of the different objectives counsellors try to achieve in their dealing with service users relate to (a) providing them with an understanding of the origins of emotional difficulties, (b) enabling them to build meaningful relationships with other people, (c) allowing them to become more aware of blocked thoughts and feelings, (d) enabling them to develop a more positive attitude towards their own selves, (e) encourag ing them to move towards more fulfilment of their potential and (f) helping them in solving particular problems. (Pease Fook, 1999) The following example provides an instance of how counselling helps individuals to overcome serious personal traumas. â€Å"Paula had been driving her car. Her friend, Marian, was a passenger. Without any warning they were hit by another vehicle, the car spun down the road, and Paula thought ‘this is it’. Following this frightening event, Paula experienced intense flashbacks to the incident. She had nightmares which disturbed her sleep. She became irritable and hyper vigilant, always on the alert. She became increasingly detached from her family and friends, and stopped using her car. Paula worked hard at trying to forget the accident, but without success. When she went to see a counsellor, Paula was given some questionnaires to fill in, and he gave her a homework sheet that asked her to write about the incident for ten minutes each day at a fixed time. In the next counselling session, she was asked to dictate an account of the event into a tape recorder, speaking in the first person as if it was happening now. She was told to play the trauma tape over and over again, at home, until sh e got bored with it. In session 3, the counsellor suggested a way of dealing with her bad dreams, by turning the accident into an imaginary game between two cartoon characters. In session 4 she was invited to remember her positive, pre-accident memories. She was given advice on starting to drive her car again, beginning with a short five-minute drive, and then gradually increasing the time behind the wheel. Throughout all this, her counsellor listened carefully to what she had to say, treated her with great respect and was very positive about her prospects for improvement. After nine sessions her symptoms of post-traumatic stress had almost entirely disappeared, and she was able to live her life as before.† (Starkey, 2000, p37) Counsellors need to keep in mind that socialisation leads to the development of perspectives on issues like race and gender. (Moore, 2003) Many of these perspectives are assimilated to such an extent that people have little control over them and are bound to impact the working of counsellors if not understood, isolated and overcome. (Moore, 2003) â€Å"In an anti-oppressive framework, these views are broken into six main lenses; racism, sexism, heterosexism, ableism, ageism, and class oppression.† (Moore, 2003) People are regularly excluded on account of their colour, gender, sexual orientation, abilities, age, and class. (Moore, 2003) Most of these factors do not occur in isolation and thus lead to multi-oppression, for example an aged female from a minority background could face oppression because of three factors, the whole of which becomes stronger than the sum of individual components. Oppressive perspectives occur through a common origin, namely economic power and contro l, and employ common methods of limiting, controlling, and destroying lives. The PCS model developed by Thompson, in 2001, argues, in similar vein that inequalities, prejudice and discrimination operate at three levels, Personal, Cultural, and Structural, and by constantly strengthening each other, create powerful mental biases and prejudices against members of out-groups, people who are disadvantaged by way of colour, race, ethnicity, religion and language. Individual views, at the personal level, interact with shared cultural, historical and traditional beliefs to create powerful prejudices. (Thompson, 2001) Dominant groups within society constantly reinforce their superiority by driving home the inferiority of other groups through a number of overt and covert methods. (Harris, 2002) Whilst movements that aim to dismantle such stereotypes are emerging slowly, the biggest conflict is still within. (Harris, 2002) Internalised oppression is the oppression that we impose on our own selves due to environmental pressures. (Harris, 2002) The oppression is internal ised from the prevailing society’s message through various institutions like the media, existing religious infrastructure, and other forms of socialisation. (Harris, 2002) Examples of such oppressive practices are the pressure put on working mothers to run an efficient household, in addition to putting in a full day at the office, or expecting mothers who stay at home to work from dawn until late night. (Harris, 2002) These prejudices are further strengthened by structural discriminations that are created by social and governmental structures, (as evinced by diminished employment opportunities for people with histories of substance abuse or the refusal of landlords to rent houses to members of certain communities), and create a complex web of mutually reinforcing social processes. Counsellors are prone to be oppressive because of assimilated perspectives, stereotyping, and because they hold power over service users. It is imperative that they recognise these imbalances and wo rk towards eliminating them in their work as well as in the promotion of change to redress the balance of power. Looking at social issues through the perspectives of service users is thus critical to counselling activity. Social workers often face ethical challenges in their dealing with service users. There are many instances in social work where simple answers are not available to resolve complex ethical issues. Clients, for example, can inform counsellors about their intention to commit suicide or inflict physical harm on their own selves, ask for reassuring physical contact in the nature of hugs, and confide about their intentions to harm others. (Langs, 1998) There is a strong possibility of sexual attraction developing between counsellor and service user. (Langs, 1998) Such situations can lead to the development of dichotomies between personal and professional ethics, and to extremely uncomfortable choices. (Langs, 1998) Conclusion Counselling is a complex and demanding activity that demands knowledge, experience and people skills, as well as compassion, empathy and understanding. Above all counselling activity, as an integral component of social work, requires commitment to social good. Counselling theories have evolved over the last half century; they have multiple origins, are complex in their formulation, and whilst having common features, need to be individually adapted to the needs of service users. Whilst it is not easy to grasp and apply these theories, their comprehensive understanding and application are essential to the effectiveness of counselling work. Counsellors, by virtue of the nature of their work and their power in counsellor-service user relationships exercise enormous influence over the decisions of service users. The diversity and heterogeneity of counselling reflects the sensitivity of counselling to the enormous variations in human experience. Whilst understanding of theory helps in discharging of responsibilities, counsellors are also limited by assimilated perspectives on oppression, career and money demands, and their own emotions. Their responsibilities are manifold, and include duties towards service users, towards the profession, and towards the wider community. Apart from being challenging, satisfying and rewarding, counselling also provides the opportunity to make profound differences to the lives of other human beings. References Bond, T, 2000, Standards and Ethics for Counselling in Action, Sage Publications Ltd. London Corney, R. Jenkins, R, (Eds.), 1993, Counselling in General Practice. London: Routledge Counselling saves British business millions every year, 2003, British Association for Counselling and Therapy, Retrieved December 3, 2007 from www.instituteofwelfare.co.uk/downloads/welfare_world_24_full.pdf Dryden, W, 2006, Counselling in a nutshell, Sage Publications Ltd. London Dryden, W., Mytton, J, 1999, Four Approaches to Counselling and Psychotherapy, London: Routledge Feltham, C, 1995, What Is Counselling? The Promise and Problem of the Talking Therapies, Sage Publications Ltd. London Harrow, J, 2001, Working Models: theories of counselling, Retrieved December 3, 2007 from http://www.draknet.com/proteus/models.htm Harris, J, 2002, The Social Work Business /. London: Routledge Hornby, G., Hall, C., Hall, E. (Eds.), 2003, Counselling Pupils in Schools: Skills and Strategies for Teachers, London: RoutledgeFalmer Langs, R, 1998, Ground Rules in Psychotherapy and Counselling. London: Karnac Books Miller, L, 2005, Counselling Skills for Social Work, Sage Publications Ltd. London Moore, P, 2003, Critical components of an anti-oppressive framework, The International Child and Youth Care Framework, Retrieved December 3, 2007 from www.cyc-net.org/cyc-online/cycol-1203-moore.html Nelson-Jones, R, 2000, Six key approaches to counselling and therapy, Sage Publications Ltd. London Noonan, E, 1983, Counselling Young People. London: Tavistock Routledge Now Youre Talking; Counselling Has Become a Big Business Employing Thousands. but Is It a Job for You? Bonnie Estridge Talks It through London Jobs/Opportunities, 2004, October 14, The Evening Standard (London, England), p. 61 Parrott, L, 2002, Social Work and Social Care, London: Routledge Parton, N. (Ed.), 1996, Social Theory, Social Change and Social Work, London: Routledge Pease, B. Fook, J. (Eds.), 1999, Transforming Social Work Practice: Postmodern Critical Perspectives. London: Routledge Retail Therapy: Beauty So Tell Me, Whats the Problem? Laura Davis Investigates the Growing Trend for Counselling, 2004, October 28, Daily Post (Liverpool, England), p. 8 Rowland, N, 1993, Chapter 3 What is Counselling? In Counselling in General Practice, Corney, R. Jenkins, R. (Eds.) (pp. 17-30) London: Routledge Shardlow, S. (Ed.), 1989, The Values of Change in Social Work. London: Tavistock/Routledge Starkey, P, 2000, Families and Social Workers : The Work of Family Service Units, 1940-1985 /. Liverpool, England: Liverpool University Press Thompson, N (2001) Anti-Discriminatory Practice, Third Edition, London: Palgrave Urofsky, R. I., Engels, D. W, 2003, Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, and Counselling Ethics: Not an Abstraction. Counselling and Values, 47(2), 118+

Coverage of Child Rights Issues in Pakistani Print Media

Coverage of Child Rights Issues in Pakistani Print Media Chapter 2 Literature Review A literature review is an evaluative report of information found in the literature related to the selected area of study. It is a process of reading, analyzing, evaluating, and summarizing scholarly materials about a specific topic. The results of a literature review may be compiled in a report or they may serve as part of a research article, thesis, or grant proposal.(Hart,1998) A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as such, do not report any new or original experimental work. Also, a literature review can be interpreted as a review of an abstract accomplishment (Dellinger, Leech, 2007). A well-structured literature review is characterized by a logical flow of ideas; current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate referencing style; proper use of terminology; and a comprehensive view of the previous research on the topic (ibid). In this research â€Å"Coverage of child rights issues in Pakistani Print Media; a comparative study of English and Urdu newspapers† researcher uses thematic order for literature review. Thematic reviews of literature are organized around a topic or issue, rather than the progression of time. Researcher divides the literature review into two sections. Studies on child rights in Pakistan International studies on child rights Studies on Child rights in Pakistani media Studies on Child rights in International media Studies on Human rights Media studies on Human rights 2.1. Studies on Child Rights in Pakistan OMCT (2003) reported in Pakistan Report on the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child by Pakistan that in particular, that children are at a high risk to be subject to various forms of abuse and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment and punishment. OMCT is aware that many of the structural causes of the violations of childrens rights require economic and social change at a structural level, we nevertheless feel that some fundamental legislative and administrative changes in the country would enable a better implementation of children’s rights that could lead to a considerable improvement in the lot of children. Therefore, OMCT would like to make several conclusions and recommendations, both legislative and practical. Sadruddin (2011) identified in study on the important issues of child rights in Pakistan that the important issues of children in Pakistan, during 2004-2008. This research article aims to inform practitioners and policy makers, in an effort to move child rights and childrens plight in especially difficult circumstances to the forefront of the public conscience. The value and importance of children has also been highlighted in the study. The efficacy of the implementation of child rights by Pakistani Government has also been revealed. The study revealed that the issues of children were over shadowed in Pakistan during the last few years. The Convention on the Rights of Child did not serve as a guaranteed savior. Education, security and social rights were not given proper attention during the last five years due to which, much effective results were not produced in improving child rights. Although the needs of children and their rights, particularly social and security rights were well understood, but were not well addressed, both on social and political platform. The study concluded that Pakistan was unsuccessful in addressing the issues of Children in Pakistan to its best as the issues of children were found in a vulnerable state. Khan (2011) determined in his work implementing law against child labor: a research study of Pakistan that child Labor is always related to the violation of the basic rights of children. However, every work that children indulge in cannot be categorized as child labor. This article assesses the International norms regarding child labor after understanding the notion of child labor. This article aims to highlight the socio-economic issues responsible for the profusion of child labor in a society. This article thus analyzes the different approaches towards child labor eradication and the prominent hurdles in implementing international and national norms against child labor. A case study of assessing hurdles in laws implementation is done in Pakistan. Pakistan is an economically developing state, that is why the cases of children indulging in health hazard work is prominent. 2.2 International studies on Child rights Jones (2011) described in what are children’s rights? Contemporary developments and debates how the idea of child rights has emerged, identifying the ways in which different pressures for change continue to develop the way rights are legislated for and understood. It has given brief examples of the kinds of policies that are emerging and has shown how changes in long-held attitudes and practices are a consequence of the child rights agenda. The chapter introduced areas key to child rights including the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), and the UK’s Human Rights Act 1996 (HRA). Examples that link child rights to their lived experiences were used to illustrate the ways in which the practical application of legislation affects children and those working with them. Kim (2008) paper considers whether letting children combine work and school is a valid and effective approach in Cambodia. Policy makers’ suggestions that child labor should be allowed to some extent due to household poverty appear ungrounded as no signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cant relation between children’s work and household poverty is found while arranging school time table s à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exibly in order to accommodate households’ perceived need for children’s labor may increase problem s of insufà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cient teaching hours if schools conduct their time tables un reliably. Considering these issue s, the paper suggests the need for a more diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ed app roach to dealing with the impact of child labor on their school education. Claire (2012) Investigated the relationship between representation and cognition in a study with 105 3-7 yr olds designed to test the implications of 2 major theories of childrens drawings. The classical or conceptual theory considers the young childs drawing of the human figure as an index of his concept of a man, and predicts uniformity across representational tasks which vary media and instructions. In contrast, R. Arnheim defines the representational process as the invention of structurally equivalent forms in a given medium, and predicts that representation will vary as a function of the task and the medium. Results of 11 representational tasks support Arnheims theory that representation varies as a function of the medium, instructions, practice, the provision of parts, and the childs developmental level. Sadruddin (2012) evaluated in critical studies on the Asian countries assessment on children rights that the Implementation of Children rights in few Asian Countries, particularly, Pakistan. The study identified the important issues of children in Asian Countries besides highlighting the value and importance of children. The study conclude that although the issues of children were highlighted by most of the Asian countries but the practical Implementation of the Children Rights in Asia, particularly Pakistan, were over shadowed during the last few years. Very few laws were imposed in favor of children rights without practical imposition to resolve the issues of children in Asia. 2.3 Studies on child rights in Pakistani media IFJ (2002) reported in Putting Children in the Right that Those looking for a check list to work from may find this section annoyingly imprecise. The overall duty of a journalist or other media professional doing this kind of work is to act in the best interests of the child and of children and to try to deal with ethical issues with clarity and honesty. This will not guarantee that they make no mistakes, but would dramatically improve the quality of media coverage of children’s issues. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is based on the spirit of peace, dignity, tolerance, freedom, equality and solidarity. Journalists should extend those qualities to children. The daily challenge to journalists and media organizations is particularly felt in coverage of children and their rights. Jabeen (2014) This research article child protection data: an analysis of news coverage of child protection issues in Pakistan, argues for the need of systematic data, not only for recognition of child protection issues, but also for formulation and implementation of policy and practice responses in Pakistan. Through a systematic review of the newspaper coverage of child protection issues over a period of 20 years, the actual and potential risks to children are highlighted, thus, providing a methodological justification to use newspapers coverage as a record of child protection problems. Further, with its focus on the language and content of the coverage, this article shows how representation of child protection issues in the print media reflect the existing reality on the one hand, and on the other may affect people’s perceptions of these issues. 2.4 Studies on child rights in International media Cheity (2004) reported in his research work the coverage of child sexual abuse in popular magazines since the early 1990s. The article employs systematic analysis to identify and analyze articles in four popu-lar magazines. Articles are analyzed by subject, length, and publication. The results affirm established theories of newsworthiness related to the coverage of specific stories over time. However, inter-est in the subject waned in the past 10 years, with the brief and dramatic exception of coverage connected to the Catholic Church in 2002. The findings demonstrate systematic differences between the slants of the four magazines studied. The findings also suggest that child abuse professionals could improve the quality of cover-age by agreeing to interviews in connection with articles about childhood sexual abuse. Goddard Saunders (2000) explained in their research work the gander neglect and textual abuse of child rights in print media that in recent years the relationship between the media and child abuse has been subjected to closer inspection. Research at Monash University into the media portrayal of child abuse has led the researchers to examine the language used by the print media to represent both children who have been abused or neglected and the offences committed against them. This paper presents two findings from this research. The analysis firstly found that a child who has been abused or neglected may be objectified in print media language even when the child’s gender is previously identified. Secondly, the analysis found that the language used to describe the sexual abuse of children may serve to reduce the seriousness of offences. These phenomena, termed ‘gender neglect’ and ‘textual abuse’, are highlighted by examples from UK and Australian pri nt media. The authors argue that ‘critical language awareness’ is important for children, just as it has been identified in research that examines the representation of women in print media. Wilczynski, Sinclair, and young (1999) explained in their study Moral Tales: Representations of Child Abuse in the Quality and Tabloid Media that although child abuse is a favorite topic for media stories, there has been little research on how the media portrays such issues. The present research examined the media construction of child abuse in a comprehensive sample of all 1302 reports on the subject during 1995 in a representative quality and tabloid newspaper in NSW. Criminal justice agencies were the predominant sources used for the stories; child abusers were individualized and demonized by the press and used to promote ‘law and order’ agendas; and there was little coverage of the social causes of abuse and prevention issues. Although both the quality and tabloid press demonstrated these features, there were some marked differences between the coverage in the two sources, such as a much greater emphasis on individual cases in the tabloid press. 2.6 Media studies on Human rights Sial (2009) explained in his research named Human rights Reporting in Pakistani Media that Media reports on human rights influence people, but there is a lack of investigative reporting on human rights issues in Pakistan. The journalists do not have the required expertise and training to investigate and report on rights issues. Only a few journalists are committed to human rights reporting whereas most of them are either indifferent to or skeptical of rights issues. The environment is comparatively better for human rights reporting in the English media where journalists are not forced to work in multiple areas and have an educated audience. The Urdu media relies much on sensationalization, a narrative devoid of investigation and personal bias. A balanced and impartial analysis of the issues is largely misssing. Dunn (2012) explained in his research paper on emerging sociological theories on human rights: social structure, human agency, and inequality that sociological theories of human rights are relatively less developed, but such frameworks are crucial for the development of the unique contributions to the human rights topic that sociology can make. Foremost among these is conceptualizing the role of inter-relationships between social structure, human agency, and inequality as they impact human rights and efforts to promote them. Nwanko (2011) reported in his research work Role of the media in promoting human rights: an analysis of the BBC documentary chocolate: The bitter Truth. This study has tried to look into what role the media play in the promotion of human rights. This was done by looking into the case of BBC One and the documentary, chocolate: the bitter truthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸, which it produced. The documentary dwelt on the use of child labour in cocoa farms in West Africa. The study was aimed at finding the reason why the BBC chose to promote human rights through the production of the documentary. It also tried to find out how the contents of the documentary are shaped to promote human rights. Human rights theories literature arc commonly incompatible to one or both of Aeijaz (n.d.) expressed in his thesis Theoretical and Philosophical foundation of human rights that human rights theories interpreted as expression of philosophical optimism, even arrogance. The philosophical task is to explicate Minows dilemma of difference† and acknowledge both the fact and fluidity of difference. The objectives of undercurrent research are intending to investigate the comparative analysis of coverage of child rights in Urdu and English Pakistani newspapers. The study of Sial (2009) reported coverage of human rights in Pakistani news media. The findings of that study revealed that Urdu Newspapers sensationalizing the issue. Other studies of literature review are also supporting the arguments of the current research.

The Powerful Effect of Fake News Essay -- Media Today News TV Essays P

The Powerful Effect of â€Å"Fake News† Introduction From the beginning days of the printing press to the always evolving internet of present day, the media has greatly evolved and changed over the years. No one can possibly overstate the influential power of the new media of television on the rest of the industry. Television continues to influence the media, which recently an era of comedic television shows that specialize in providing â€Å"fake news† has captivated. The groundbreaking The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and its spin-off The Colbert Report have successfully attracted the youth demographic and have become the new era’s leading political news source. By parodying news companies and satirizing the government, â€Å"fake news† has affected the media, the government, and its audience in such a way that Bill Moyers has claimed â€Å"you simply can’t understand American politics in the new millennium without The Daily Show,† that started it all (PBS). Old Media In order to understand new media, one must first have a solid background of the old media. The old media traces its origins back to the â€Å"elite or partisan press [that] dominated American journalism in the early days of the republic† (Davis 29). With the advent of the penny press around 1833, the press changed its basic purpose and function from obtaining voters for its affiliated political party to making profit (Davis 29). With more available papers, individual companies competed with each other with â€Å"muckraking journalism†Ã¢â‚¬â€investigative journalism exposing corruption—and â€Å"yellow journalism†Ã¢â‚¬â€sensationalist journalism that completely disregarded the facts (Davis 30). The press continued to evolve its journalistic approaches and next shifted to â€Å"lapdog journalism,† r... ...l Moyers. Originally broadcast July 11, 2003. Retrieved March 27, 2006, from http://www.pbs.org/now/transcript/transcript_stewart.html. Peyser, Marc. â€Å"The Truthiness Teller; Stephen Colbert Loves This Country Like he Loves Himself. Comedy Central’s Hot News Anchor is a Goofy Caricature of Our Blustery Culture. But he’s Starting to Make Sense.† Newsweek 13 February 2006: 50 Sabato, Larry J. Feeding Frenzy: Attack Journalism and American Politics. Baltimore: Lanahan Publishers, Inc., 1991. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. â€Å"Laugh, and the Voters Laugh With You, or at Least at You.† New York Times 26 February 2006, New England ed.: Week in Review 1, 14. Wasserman, Edward. â€Å"Murder by Media: The Dean Scream.† Knight Ridder Newspapers 23 February 2005. Wolper, Allan. â€Å"Ethics Corner: Did Critical Media Send Dean Packing?† Editor & Publisher March 2004: 25.

Higher Education Organizational Theory and Leadership :: Public Administration

Higher Education Organizational Theory and Leadership The following briefing paper has been prepared to assist you in preparing your speech to the local chamber of commerce. The topic you have been asked to speak on is outlining the differences in leading an institution of higher education as opposed to running a for-profit business. The briefing highlights key points from three oft-referenced scholarly articles on the topic of higher education organizational theory and leadership. These points explain higher education structures and the differences between higher education organization and leadership and what your audience might be accustomed to. I have included references for your aid. Introduction. Higher education and private business have much in common. They use resources to produce a product for a defined client base. They are led by individuals with vision, passion, and leadership for their organizations. At their heart are dedicated people that make up the organization. However, there are also many differences, especially in making these organizations work well. The Complex Structure of Higher Education. The university is a complex organization. Baldridge, Curtis, Ecker and Riley (1982) found that colleges and universities have characteristics that distinguish them from private enterprises as well as other government organizations. They describe the higher education environment as one where resources allow individuals within the organization room to grow in different directions without the tight restraints seen in other types of environments. They go on to describe the role of the president and other university leaders as catalysts or facilitators rather than the â€Å"my way or the highway† mentality of some private CEOs. Baldridge et al. describe this environment as â€Å"organized anarchy† where this facilitation role, also described as collegial decision making, leads to an environment where decisions â€Å"happen† rather than are â€Å"made.† Politically, this environment tends to be mostly inactive wi th very fluid, fragmented participation. The president assumes the role as â€Å"first among equals†, a mediator between power blocs on campus. This is very different in all but a few private corporations. Loosely Coupled Systems. Weick (1976) takes a very similar view of this organizational theory but from a slightly different perspective. He writes of the higher education institution as a â€Å"loosely coupled system†, a system that differs markedly from the organization system of a private enterprise. The basic theory is that, unlike the militaristic ideal of the â€Å"tight ship† that many private organizations have adopted, loosely coupled systems have â€Å"softer† linkages between each unit of the organization.

Resolve Conflicts

RESOLVING CONFLICT The conflict resolution requires great managerial skills. Here we are trying to give a solution to a conflict turning it in a constructive side. If one party exercises the principles of interaction, listens, and us the six steps of collaborative resolution, that party may be able to end the conflict constructively. At the very least, he or she may be able to prevent the conflict from turning into a fight by choosing an alternative to destructive interaction? † There is a difference between resolving a conflict and managing conflict.Resolving a conflict ends the dispute by satisfying the interests of both parties. Managing a conflict contains specialized interaction that prevents a dispute from becoming a destructive battle. Managing a conflict attends to the personal issues so as to allow for a constructive relationship, even though the objective issues may not be resolvable. For example, the former Soviet Union and the United States managed their conflict du ring the Cold War by using a variety of mechanisms. The objective issues in the dispute were not resolved, and neither were the personal issues, which contained significant perceptual differences.However, both sides attended significantly to the relationship to keep the disagreement from turning into a destructive battle. Our goal in conflict always should be to seek a resolution based on mutual gain. Realistically, however, resolution is not always possible. When this is the case, we must manage the conflict to ensure that the relationship is constructive and that open communication is maintained. We Listen to Conflict to understand the other party and demonstrate the acceptance required to maintain the relationship

Differentiate Between Different Learning Styles

What is assure carriage- The various preferences and methods diligent by learners in the process of learning. both individual form diverse musical mode and techniques of learning. Some commonwealth may hold that they have a ascendant vogue of learning, with far less use of the other(a) styles. others may find that they use antithetic styles in antithetic circumstances. There is no right mix. Nor are your styles fixed. You can assume ability in less dominant styles, as well as throw out develop styles that you already use well.So the scoop out modality to learn always depends on the person by finding his hold style of learning style. We have different human bodys of learning styles. Differentiation between different learning styles- There are collar main fictitious characters of learning styles auditory, visual, and kinesthetic. Most people learn opera hat through a combination of the three founts of learning styles, precisely everybody is different. Audito ry Learners Hear Auditory learners would alternatively listen to things being explained than read to the highest degree them.Reciting information out loud and having music in the background may be a common study method. Other noises may become a mismanagement resulting in a need for a relatively quiet place. Visual Learners leave Visual learners learn best by intenting at graphics, watching a demonstration, or reading. For them, its easy to look at charts and graphs, but they may have difficulty focusing while earreach to an explanation. Kinesthetic Learners TouchKinesthetic learners process information best through a hands-on experience. rattling doing an activity can be the easiest way for them to learn. Sitting still while analyse may be difficult, but opus things down makes it easier to understand. First is called visual in which we use and prefer mostly pictures and spatial understanding, while second is Aural in which we prefer to listen sounds and music on order to l earn something effectively.Third is verbal, in this type of learning we use wordings and speeches. Fourth, Physical, in this type of learning we use a sensation of touch and body language. Fifth is Logic, in which we prefer using reason and logic arguments. The sixth kind of learning style is social this is one of the common types of learning style in which we prefer to learn in groups. Lastly, Solitary is the last kind of learning style in which individuals head for the hills and study alone to learn in their own style. www. scibd. com

Global Outlook Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13

orbicular prognosis orbiculate muster out ZONES OF tHE hereafter 2012/13 Global promiscuous partitions of the next 2012/13 Winners fDi MAGAZiNES arc im larboard globose RANkiNG OF EcONOMic ZONES HAS AwARdEd duBAi drome let go of ZONE tHE titLE OF GLOBAL forgo ZONE OF tHE rising 2012/13. Grainne Byrne ANd Courtney FinGar musical theme ON tHE RESuLtS 20 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 GLOBAL observation post GLOBAL escaped ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 D ubai Air mien discharge order (Dafza), primed(p) in the United Arab Emirates, has been laureled fDi Magazines Global giving partition of the sentence to come 2012/13. It has moved from second place in the be both classs ago to be awarded the masking spot.Dafza, which was established in 1996 and considers itself to be the b amountering growing still govern in the Middle East, impressed the independent sound judgement panel for a variety of reasons. It has glorious menu links and a transcend focu s on attracting FDI. The z iodin and registers foreign companies, and has more than 1300 operational presently. Dafza has an change magnitude environmental aw atomic number 18ness and is implementing green buildings and an eat up national Organisation for Standardisation vim management system. Second position goes to UAE-establish Dubai globularistic Financial Centre, a newcomer to the ranking. chinabased affect Waigaoqiao dislodge Trade partition off (WFTZ), the wiz from the 2010/11 ranking, moves into one- trey place. The remainder of the pilfer 10 is made up by Iskandar (Malaysia), DuBiotech (UAE), Tanger palliate zona (Morocco), loosen look of Ventspils (Latvia), The Clark surplus larboard regularize (Philippines), Chittagong exporting Processing partition (Bangladesh) and Dubai Media City (UAE). As nearly as beingness boilersuit fDi Global innocent district of the Future 2012/13, Dafza takes the come about spot in the outperform Airport zona family cl ass. It is followed by Tanger give up regularize and The Clark promiscuousport regulate.The peak three in the Best Port regulate category is led by Tanger Free govern, with Freeport of Ventspils fit(p) second and Mauritius Freeport coming in third position. districts from the Middle East in concomitant the UAE dominated the rankings, with 23 of the top 50 zones coming from the Middle East percentage and 14 of them from the UAE aalone(predicate). This is the second such(prenominal) ranking produced by fDi Magazine, with the inaugural Global Free Zones of the Future biennial benchmark being published in June 2010. June/July 2012 www. fdiintelligence. com 21 t GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 op 50 FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 OVERALL execute up notice of zoNe soil We suck in made plans for amplification in the future, to eventually toy an new(prenominal) 1500 companies to the dubai drome discontinue Zone dr mohammed al Zarooni 22 www. f diintelligence. com June/July 2012 t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11= 11= 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37= 37= 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Dubai airport Free Zone dubai foreign Financial centre move waigaoqiao Free hand Zone iskandar duBiotech tanger Free Zone Freeport of Ventspils the clark Freeport Zone chittagong Export touch Zone dubaiMedia city JLt Freezone katowice picky stinting Zone dubai Silicon Oasis Mauritius Freeport Bahrain international investment approximate range khalifa Bin Salman port Salalah Free Zone Lodz superfluous economical Zone Bahrain international Airport Aqaba peculiar(a) economical Zone twofour54 (Media Zone Authority, Abu dhabi) walbrzych peculiar(prenominal) frugal Zone dubai international pedantic city dubai Healthc be city Rakia Economic Zone dahej Special Economic Zone dubai Studio city El paso international Airport dubai knowledge Village Bahrain Logistics Zone Ras Al khaimah Free trade Zon e Montreal port Aqaba international industrial Estate Astana New city Special Economic Zone pomeranian Special Economic Zone klaipeda Free Economic Zone Starachowice Special Economic Zone Sheffield city Region Enterprise Zone industrial Free Zone togo SEZ Alabuga Free Zone pirot international Media production Zone Zagreb Free Zone dead ocean development Zone & Jabal Ajloun development Zone polaris international industrial park Birmingham city centre Enterprise Zone technological industrial development Zone Skopje 1 & 2 due southeast-Ecka, Zrenjanin Freeport of Riga Rezekne Special Economic Zone Authority ae uAE china Malaysia uAE Morocco Latvia philippines Bangladesh uAE uAE po degrade uAE Mauritius Bahrain Bahrain Oman poland Bahrain Jordan uAE poland uAE uAE uAE india uAE uS uAE Bahrain uAE pottyada Jordan kazakhstan poland Lithuania poland uk togo Russia Serbia uAE croatia Jordan Egypt uk Macedonia Serbia Latvia Latvia Secrets of success The globe-beating Dafza has set thou ght-provoking targets for expansion and variegation and made a point to hedge against potential challenges presented by the global economic climate in the short to medium term. It has in addition unploughed a c argonful midriff on the long term. Speaking to fDi in his Dubai offices in January 2012, the Dafza director-general outlined plans to offset the prospects of a retardent in its core investor markets of atomic number 63 and the US, bandage also increasing the zones status as a reader to the emirates gross domestic product. The next expansion allow be in the next year, Dr Mohammed Al Zarooni said. We stand made plans for expansion in the future, to eventually bring another 1500 companies to the Dubai Airport Free Zone, because we stimulate space for that and we asshole dramatize. In the nearer term, the goal is to attract 600 to 700 excess companies in the next volt or six long time in line with Dafzas rate of harvest-home in the 15 geezerhood since its inceptio n, which has seen it average speed of light new companies each year. With Dafza rate of flowly based on a 700,000-square-metre site, it is hoping to expand eastward this year, with a view to occupying a 100,000-square-metre leas up to(p) area. We have already attracted 1450 companies, said Mr Al Zarooni. The intention is to come along increase that number, while keeping an eye on the quality of investments, he added.While dandy to uphold the important role of the European companies in Dafza, which account for 37% of the businesses present, Mr Al Zarooni remains aware of the emergency to transfigure the large-minded zones economic partners as it expands. The majority of our clients are from Europe and they are facing a bulk of problems, but that doesnt mean we are going to stop, he said. We are glad we brought some(prenominal) companies in last year from Japan. This year our focus will be on the Far East capital of Singapore, South Korea, Hong Kong, GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 dubai international airport is home to dubai airport pardon Zone, which achieved starting signal place in the global vindicate Zones of the future 2012/13 ranking, as well as the leading airport zone top five BESt airport ZONES RANK NAme of zoNe couNtRy 1 2 3 4 5 5Dubai airport Free Zone tanger Free Zone the clark Freeport Zone Mauritius Freeport Salalah Free Zone Bahrain international Airport uae Morocco philippines Mauritius Oman Bahrain Japan, China and even India, in case we baptistery some difficulty in bring in more companies from Europe, America and Australia. component part a variety The push for diversification is a mark of umpteen of the solid grounds more successful zones, tally to James Ku, managing director of Indev Partners, who served on the perspicacity panel that helped assess the participating zones for the rankings. The roughly successful zones are all diversify zones with outdo or exceedingly specialise zones cate ring to a particularized industry, he ordinates. Large diversified zones have been able to invest in fundament and shot a wide range of conveniences, such as ready-built factories that provide flexibility to investors. The large-scale size required to attain economies of scale for such developments have meant that most of the top zones are in the apace develop Middle June/July 2012 www. fdiintelligence. com East and Asian countries where land is relatively easier to acquire. Specialised zones have been employ most effectively in Dubai, where investors can have access to unique amenities such as laboratories or turbulent communications. Mr Ku sees the free zone model act to have relevance, especially in the current economic climate. Almost all of the zones go on to offer significant tax holidays and fiscal incentives. It highlights that even in a time when budgetary constraints and fiscal austerity are at the forefront, it will be firm for governments to scale back such incentives if they heed to remain globally competitive, he says. head of the sphere Free Zone gathering (WFZC) Graham Mather, who served on the settle panel, has also highlighted the vital role that free zones can play in helping the global economy through difficult times. Addressing the eleventh the most successful Zones are either diversified Zones With scale or exceedingly specialised Zones catering to a specific industry James Ku t 25GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 tanger free Zone is strategically located near to the tanger-med port and is rated the best port zone and sixth best general free zone top five BESt pORt ZONES RANK NAme of zoNe couNtRy 1 2 3 4 5 tanger Free Zone Freeport of Ventspils Mauritius Freeport khalifa Bin Salman port Salalah Free Zone Morocco Latvia Mauritius Bahrain Oman WFZC event in impress in November 2011, he said free zones have much to offer at a time when the world is urgently seeking job creation, economic growth and development ahead of an anticipated downswing amid a worsening eurozone crisis. Free zones are key to the worlds face for growth, he added.Citing a World trust study analysing the benefits of free zones, which include the expertness to absorb unemployed labour, raise skills and productiveness levels, and generate taxes from inception, Mr Mather said these are among the reasons wherefore many countries are returning to the free zone model or fresh embracing it as a focal point out of economic troubles. All areas of the world could benefit from free zones and they all regard them, he said. zonal marking easterly Europe was well represented in the rankings, and judge John Worthington of IBT Partners was among those bullish on the parts offerings. Having worked closely with numerous European economic zones, IBT Partners can say from experience that the high quality of infrastructure and extensive network of all forms of rapeation is something that sets European economic zones a part from those of other regions, he says. With world-class airports, road, line and port systems strategically clustered in motley hubs crossways the continent, companies who are looking to expand their logistics network in Europe are consistently impressed with the efficiency and practicality of its transport systems. According to fDis survey, all the European free zones featured in this heel are highly all areas of the World could benefit from free Zones and they all need them graham mather 26 t www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 the Waigaoqiao free trade Zone in shanghai is rank third best free zone of the future accessible and possess well essential transport infrastructure. Asias zones are, of course, not to be overlooked. With the highest average levels of education among emerging economies, east economic zones have at their presidency a labour force with one of the highest skill-to-cost ratios, resulting i n massive influxes of FDI into China and s o u t h e a s t A s i a , s ay s M r Worthington. At different stages of transition amidst primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, these are cute regions for a wide range of industries. India, China, Singapore and the Philippines, in particular, are regarded as zones of fast growth and attraction, which is reflected by the huge increases in employment in he aside two years in their several(prenominal) economic free zones. African zones, many of which look to the successful Middle easterly zones as models, have lagged stinker but many are now cover promise. The Industrial Free Zone of Togo was the lone sub-Saharan mainland African zone to sack up the top 50. Due to their comprehensive list of fiscal and non-fiscal incentives, low levels of regulatory restrictions, and rapidly improving standards of living, African free zones are becoming increasingly attractive FDI destinations. Those in Morocco and Mauritius, in particular, couple this with a unchangeable political and economic structure, making them highly desirable destinations. It is worth men- ioning that the Tanger Economic Free Zone of Morocco boasts an impressive increase of 20,000 employees in the past two years, says Mr Worthington. A prospering region of the world, South America, has been far behind the curve in using free zones as a path to development, as well as in promoting the zones it does have to the world. This is reflected in the poor participation of zones from this region in the benchmarking study. None were cited in the top 50 list. Two North American zones, meanwhile, made the cut. John Hanna, managing director of GDP Global Development, also served on the judging panel, along with fDi editor Courtney Fingar. n October/November 2007 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 28 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 skandar in Johor, malaysia, is ranked fourth in the global free Zones of the future 2012/13 judicial dec ision panel couRtNey fiNGAR Editor, fDi Magazine More than 600 free zones across 120 countries were invited by fDi Magazine to realize a survey requesting both soft and methoDoLoGy quantitative data regarding their free zones. The information collected was set beneath five categories incentives, facilities, cost-effectiveness, transportation and best FDI promotion. A total of 56 zones submitted details regarding many aspects of their zones and this was judged and scored by an independent judging panel. crapper hANNA Managing director, Gdp Global development JuDGiNG cRiteRiAGeneral inForMation Totalsize Totallandavailablefordevelopment Expansioninlandareainthepasttwo years and/or plans for expansion in the next two years Totalofficespaceavailable Totalemployment Increaseinemploymentinthepasttwo years Numberofbusinessesoperatinginthe zone Totalvolumeofgoods processinthe zone Increaseintotalvolumeofgoods processed in the past two years Percentageofinvestorcompaniesthat e xpand their presence in the zone Anyrestrictionsforsettingupinthe zone inCentives Typesofincentivesoffered Descriptionoftheincentivesoffered including any requirements for eligibility Administrative runofferedtoassist investors FaCilities Keyeconomicandindustrialsectors supported by the zone Rangeofwarehousefacilities,industrial units, logistics and office spaces available Amenitiesofferedtohelpinvestors cost Annualaveragerentalcostofindustrial facilities, warehouse space, office space, undeveloped land, condominium and others (per m? ) Averagecostperunitofwater be(per m? ), electricity costs (per kw/hr) and gas costs (per m? Annualaveragecostoflabourfor un virtuoso(prenominal) worker, semi-skilled worker and highly skilled worker transportation Presencewithinzoneofairport,port, major motorways, railway or other Presencenearzoneofairport,port, major motorways, railway or other Descriptionofanymajorplanned infrastructure projects forward motion strateGy Website Digit al/webpromotionactivities undertaken to create following in the zone Othermarketing,communicationsor promotional activities undertaken Methodsusedtoidentifypotential investors, and system for approaching and engaging them Thezonesmarketingslogan/brief compact of its appeal Statementfromzoneschiefexecutive, director or chairman on his or her vision for achieving the zone full Fdi potential serviCes *asked of services zones Descriptionofservicesofferedby companies in the zone Telecommunicationandtechnology infrastructure Disasterrecoveryservicesofferedonsite Internetspeedoffered Availablelabourpoolandthe%ofwhich blab more than one language Officespaceavailability Majorplannedprojects throng Ku Managing director, indev partners GRAhAm mAtheR chairman, world Free Zone convention JohN WoRthiNGtoN partner, iBt partners An additional set of information was sought from airport and port zones regarding their facilities and capacity 30 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012